ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the value of prenatal diagnosis in identifying the etiology and predicting the prognosis of fetal pleural effusion (FPE).Methods Forty-two cases of FPE were recruited in this study from January 2012 to September 2016.Ultrasound scan and genetic tests were performed on all fetuses.Seven fetuses with severe FPE were given pleurocentesis.Pregnancy outcomes of all the fetuses were followed up.Results FPE was commonly accompanied with other abnormalities,such as ascites,hydrops,hydramnion,hygroma colli,abnormal posturing,joint contractures,arrhythmia and micromandible.Chromosomal abnormality was detected in 11 fetuses (26.2％),of which ten were further confirmed by karyotype analysis,including six with 45,X,three trisomy 21 and one trisomy 18,and one was detected with a 9.83 Mb uniparental disomy (UPD) located at 12q24.21q24.31 by gene chip.One fetus was diagnosed with--SEA/--SEA thalassemia.All of the 12 families decided to terminate the pregnancies after genetic counseling.Among the other 30 fetuses,seven with severe FPE and normal karyotype underwent pleurocentesis.Five of the seven cases were with favorable outcomes,one with progressive hydrops was aborted and one neonate with severe hydrops died after birth.Spontaneous regression of FPE with good outcome was found in two cases.Parents of the other 21 fetuses chose to terminate the pregnancies.Conclusions Prenatal diagnosis is important to identify the etiology and predict the outcome of FPE.Chromosomal abnormality is a relatively common cause of FPE,and 45,X and trisomy 21 are the most common abnormalities.Intrauterine intervention is beneficial for FPE without chromosomal or other definite genetic abnormalities.Genetic test may be of great value for pregnant counseling.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, and an increased incidence of autoimmunity and malignancies. The patients always have a severe clinical phenotype that can result in death if not diagnosed and treated early in life. The treatment of choice with the best outcome is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, preferably from a matched related donor. But uncertain treatment effect and high treatment cost limit its clinical application. It is the best strategy that avoiding birth of a fetus with defect through prenatal diagnosis at present. This study aimed to analyze the mutation of WASP gene in 4 Chinese families with WAS and to provide prenatal diagnosis for the high-risk fetus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The probands of the four WAS families were all males, one of whom was deceased but had a family history and clinical datas integrated. All the patients were detected with blood routine tests, immunological tests and bone marrow examination. PCR and bilateral direct sequencing of PCR product was carried out in the regions of exon and exon-intron boundaries of WASP gene for 3 probands, 4 mothers and 100 unrelated healthy individuals as control. Prenatal diagnosis was provided for the two fetuses at the first trimester by mutation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four WASP gene mutations were detected: c.91A > G (p.E31K), c.665C > T (p.R211X), c.397G > A (p.E133K), c.952-953delCC (p. P317fsX18), among which c.952-953delCC (p. P317fsX18) was first reported. Mothers in Family 2, 3 and 4 were carriers of WASP gene mutation, but family 1 was considered as a de-novo mutation. None of the 100 unaffected subjects had the above mutants. Prenatal diagnosis indicated that the fetus in family 2 was male and carried the same mutation as the proband, so the fetus was presumably to be a patient. The parents decided to receive an induced abortion. Following the termination of the pregnancy, the result of gene analysis of the aborted tissues was consistent with prenatal diagnosis. The fetus in family 3 was normal male confirmed by normal test results six months after birth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 4 mutations of the WASP gene probably were causative to the families of WAS, among which c.952-953delCC was reported for the first time. Prenatal diagnosis by DNA sequencing is the effective method to avoid birth of WAS patient.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Asian People , Genetics , Base Sequence , DNA Mutational Analysis , Exons , Genetics , Fetal Diseases , Diagnosis , Heterozygote , Mutation , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prenatal Diagnosis , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome , Diagnosis , Genetics , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein , Genetics , X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency DiseasesABSTRACT
CCK correlates with the generation and progression of pancreatic cancer. The research aims to construct eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP/CCK (CCK pDNA) and transiently express it in COS-7 cells. Total RNA was extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa. RT-PCR was used to amplify the aimed segments CCKcDNA which was then digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 and inserted into a eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP to construct CCK pDNA. The constructed plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells by lepofectamine TM2000-mediated transfer method.The expression of CCK in transfected COS-7 cells was detected 24, 48 and 72 h post-transfection with fluorescence microscopy and the expression level of CCK mRNA in transfected COS-7 cells was assayed by using RT-PCR. The results showed CCK pDNA was successfully constructed and expressed transiently in COS-7 cells. Green fluorescent protein could be detected in the COS-7 cells transfected with porcine CCK pDNA 24 h post-transfection. At 48th h post-transfection, the number of positive cells was increased significantly and much brighter green fluorescence could be detected.And 72 h post-transfection, the green fluorescence of positive cells became even stronger, while no green fluorescence was detected in the control group. The expression of CCK mRNA in the cells was detectable by using RT-PCR. In COS-7 cells transfected with CCK pDNA a high level of porcine CCK mRNA was detected while no expression of porcine CCKmRNA was found in the cells transfected with null plasmid. It was concluded CCK pDNA was expressed successfully in COS-7 cells,which lays a foundation for further research on the relationship between CCK and tumor.
ABSTRACT
CCK correlates with the generation and progression of pancreatic cancer. The research aims to construct eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP/CCK (CCK pDNA) and transiently express it in COS-7 cells. Total RNA was extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa. RT-PCR was used to amplify the aimed segments CCKcDNA which was then digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 and inserted into a eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP to construct CCK pDNA. The constructed plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells by lepofectamin 2000-mediated transfer method. The expression of CCK in transfected COS-7 cells was detected 24, 48 and 72 h post-transfection with fluorescence microscopy and the expression level of CCK mRNA in transfected COS-7 cells was assayed by using RT-PCR. The results showed CCK pDNA was successfully constructed and expressed transiently in COS-7 cells. Green fluorescent protein could be detected in the COS-7 cells transfected with porcine CCK pDNA 24 h post-transfection. At 48th h post-transfection, the number of positive cells was increased significantly and much brighter green fluorescence could be detected. And 72 h post-transfection, the green fluorescence of positive cells became even stronger, while no green fluorescence was detected in the control group. The expression of CCK mRNA in the cells was detectable by using RT-PCR. In COS-7 cells transfected with CCK pDNA a high level of porcine CCK mRNA was detected while no expression of porcine CCKmRNA was found in the cells transfected with null plasmid. It was concluded CCK pDNA was expressed successfully in COS-7 cells, which lays a foundation for further research on the relationship between CCK and tumor.